This is a complication of diabetes, which affects about 25% of persons with diabetes mellitus. To prevent vision loss from diabetes, it is important to ensure proper control of blood sugar as well as other risk factors such as high blood pressure and high blood lipids (cholesterol etc.). It is also important to stop smoking, reduce excessive weight and engage in more physical activities especially after meals. In addition, we recommend yearly comprehensive eye exams, which include a dilated examination of the retina, to screen for diabetic retinopathy. Early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy can prevent irreversible loss of vision. The management of diabetic retinopathy, depending on the type and stage includes: good systemic control of diabetes and other risk factors, laser treatment of the retina, injections inside the eye to reduce bleeding or swelling of the macula, retinal surgery (vitrectomy) in advanced cases to clear vitreous haemorrhage, perform laser photocoagulation and reduce traction on the retina. Persons with diabetes have an increased risk of developing cataract, dry eyes, glaucoma and infections of the eye. The burden of blindness from diabetic retinopathy is highest in the age group between 18 and 65 years, the economically active population
